CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

            The role of management and employees is an important legacy of organization process. It originated from the time when men learnt to live together in a group.

            The unit of available power capital facilities or raw material available to an organization compel it to select certain activities for its operation and exclude others.

            An organization employ only the number of workers and the amount of capital and raw materials it needs to produces a given quality of goods, provides a certain range of service of accomplish the goals that already prepared.

            With the present day demand in a public organization, the role plays by the management and employees in enhancing efficiency and productivity in Kabba/Bunu local government area in Kogi state.

            Setting out the meaning of management and employee in a public organization, first and foremost, we have to look at the meaning of management as people in detail as it management was postulated by human authors.

            Beach (1980) define management as process of utilizing materials and human resources to accomplish designated objective. It is also a group of people or official of an organization who direct effort to co-ordinate all activities toward common objective by using available resources.

1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

            All organizations, either large or small have limited resources and these limited resources impose limit on the numbers and range of goal that organization can hope to attain. The limit on available power, capital plant facilities compels it to select certain activities for its operation and exclude others.

            An Organization employ”s only the number of workers and the amount of capital and raw materials it needs to produce a given quality of goods, provide certain range of service to accomplish the goods that already prepared.

            Also security of resource impose restrain on an organization. A firm may lack financial talented manager technological ability, skilled employees and other element which are essential to efficient and profitable operation. Some other further constraints that are imposed on organization by laws in regulating their activities.

            From the foregoing, it could be deduced that employees is an information system which supplies management with relevant information for planning, cost determination control and decision making as a medium of improving the efficiency and enhancing the productivity in any organization. It is observed that human behaviour is unpredictable.

            Manager helps to specify the organization”s goal or the mean of obtaining these goals to indicate the probable or actual effect of specific constraint and provide a basis for evaluating the organization performance.  

                Improvements on production are the focused of all organizational activities. These goal, policy, decision action are limited by numerous constraints impose on the firm.

            Productivity improvement strategies has assumed a central stage in the management of an organization since the emergency of competition in the world economy which largely collapse due to barrier of an international trade across the countries.

            Employee as well as management are equally concerned in the quest for improved productivity since it is assumed that both parties would benefit much in such an organization improvement.

1.2       STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

            With the present day deed in public organization, the role play by the management and employees in enhancing efficiency and productivity in Kabba/Bunu local government area of Kogi state can not be overemphasis.

            The problem of management and employees in an organization are ranging from laziness and late coming to work. In some cases, is embezzlement which cause the act of zero allocation in that Kabba/Bunu local government could not even pay the staff salaries of about twenty months owned, all this is as result of embezzlement and mismanagement. Moreover, dentations of some programme which was to be carried out by the local government were fraudulent and some project were abandoned for a long period as result of lack of transparency, all these contributed to the inefficiency and non enhancing the productivity in public organization.

            Against this background, effort will be intensified by this work to identify how management and employees of Kabba/Bunu local government can enhance efficiency and productivity of job in their effort it made.

1.3       OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

            This project work covered the objective of the study the role of management and employee in enhancing efficiency in a public organization to know the level of the productivity in their various departments as a strategy made towards the administrative development.

            Hence, the purpose of the study of the role of management and employee is to be able to qualify the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization which include:

(i)         To enhance government execution of her monetary and fiscal policies.

(ii)        To provide a two-way communication between the local government and communities.

(iii)       Promotion of investment and insurance of speedy economics transformation which is due in part to lack of finance.

(iv)       To mobilize human and material resources through the involvement of member in the public organization.

(v)        To make appropriate source and development activities responsive to an organization wishes to initiative by delegating them to local representative bodies.

1.4       RESERCH HYPOTHESES

Hypotheses one

Hi: The degree of success in organization goals achievement it determined by the application of scientific management principle.

Ho:       The degree of success in organization goal achievement has no relationship with the application of scientific management principles.

1.5       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

            The significance of this project is the role of management and employees in enhancing and productivity in public organization. As we have seen the various author defined management in different forms, it is very important to know the significance level of the management productivity; this is to enable the government to organize an orientation to determine how far is the productivity have give since an efficiency is poor in public organization because of the monotonous principle applied.

(i)         The achievement will enhance availability of good quality personnel at the local government level.

(ii)        It will make workers knowledgeable, skillful and sufficient in performance of their job and the workers will be adequate motivated in order to increase their level of output and productivity.

(iii)       The workers at local government level will be continuously performing their assigned function effectively.

(iv)       The adequate, efficient and effective human resource can translate these objectives into reality. 

1.6       SCOPE OF THE STUDY

            The research project is limited to management and employees in enhancing efficiency and productivity in Kabba/Bunu local government area of Kogi state. There are also time and financial constraints. Since the researcher is intended to find out why there are so many abandoned projects and the reasons for low level of development in Kabba/Bunu local government area.

            The area covered in this project work are seven (7) department within the Kabba/Bunu local government area as a public organization, and the limitation is limited around Kabba/Bunu local government. All the department that were investigated shall be listed in chapter three.

            The research work is centered on the role of management and employees in enhancing efficiency and productivity in a public organization.

            A case study of Kabba/Bunu local government area. There the investigator collected data for analysis and the study is also limited to the period between 1991 to 2004.

            Some of those department visited gave a response which enable the researcher to get an adequate and accurate data for representation; more so the study was faced with problem of respondent in filling the questionnaires, many of them in the organization refuse to response and say they have no time.

1.7       LIMITATION AND CONSTRAINTS OF THE STUDY

            In the course of carrying out this research work, the researcher encountered some limitations. The limitation includes: -

Capital and poor finance: The research work requires much money to be spend on transportation, administration and printing of questionnaires among other expenses. And the research is faced with problem of how capital and this could not go beyond the scope actually covered by this study.

            Communication was not as much a problem because the researcher is an indigene of the area. This enable me to communicate freely with different tribes in the area.

1.8       DEFINATION OF KEY TERMS

            The key terms used in this research project work includes productivity, administration, efficiency, motivation, promotion leadership, organization, job analysis.

(i)         PRODUCTIVITY: It is the measure of how resources are integrated to-gather in organization and utilized for accomplish a set result.

(ii)        ADMINISTRATION: It is the organize group of people in order to accomplish a specific goal. Administration simply means to care for or look after people. in a corporate sense, administration means implementation of policies and decisions of management.

(iii)       EFFICIENCY: Working well quickly and without with and using up to date method.

(iv)       MOTIVATION: Motivation according to Cole (1997) can simply be described as behaviour caused by some stimulus but directed towards a desire outcome. Motivation can be define as those inner drive that activate or move an individual into action. Since motivation in itself cannot be seen or heard directly through observable behaviour of an individual.

(v)        PROMOTION: Isa Mohammed (Human resources management 2001) define promotion as a way of recognizing and developing the abilities of the employees within the organization as oppose to filling skilled and responsible position from outside.

(vi)       JOB ANALYSIS: A.G. Cole (1987) It is the study of the components of a job in order to determines human requirement necessary to perform the job.

            Job can be define as a collection of tasks assigned to a person in an organization structure.

(vii)      LEADERSHIP: Mc Farland (1979) It is the study of an individual to influence other to work beyond ordinary level to achieve goals within organization community or society.

(viii)     ORGANIZATION: An organization is a complex social group established primarily with goals and objective in view to achieve. It is a group of two or more distinct and independent person who work together in coordinated manner to attain a common mission, objective, goals or purpose.